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Kate's avatar

Great and thoughtful as always, Jessica! On footbinding, though, the goal was not originally miniaturization but modification (first, to curve the toes back and perhaps simultaneously in other regions or at a later date, to narrow the shape of the foot). Miniaturization (the effort to create the idealized 3-inch "lotus") didn't take hold until the late Ming (16th/17th c) and wasn't widespread until the Qing. That footbinding was about beauty and body modification is undeniable, but feminist historians believe that the layers of footbinding's association with subordination and control were added after the emergence of the practice (as a justification) rather than the core reason for the practice to begin with. None of this changes your main point, but wanted to share in case you want to write about this again. Wonderful sources on footbinding include Dorothy Ko's book "Cinderella's Sisters" and her exhibit book "Every Step a Lotus."

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Angela María Spring's avatar

Thank you for consistently pointing out the many ways gender and anti-Blackness are constantly performed and validated through the lens of capitalism’s definitions of beauty! ❤️

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